Niviene or Viviane (elsewhere known as Eviene) is the
wise and beautiful step-mother and teacher of Lancelot.
In Lancelot of the Lake, the Lady of the Lake first
explains the meaning of knighthood to the young man
who wishes to become a knight. She tells him that "A
knight should have two hearts, one as hard and
impenetrable as diamond, and the other as soft and
pliable as hot wax." The hard heart "should oppose
those who are treacherous and cruel," the waxen heart
shaped by "good and compassionate people [who]
should be able to lead the knight to everything which
pertains to graciousness and goodness." She also
explains to Lancelot the significance and responsibilities
of the sword she is about to bestow upon him, telling
Lancelot that the sword is "the most honourable and
noble of weapons. " In some versions of the Arthur
legend, the Lady of the Lake also bestows Excalibur
upon Arthur and receives the sword again after Arthur
is mortally wounded. In Malory, the Vulgate cycle and
much later, in the poetry of Apollinaire, the Lady takes
on the role of Morgana, enchanting Merlin with the
magic he has taught her, either imprisoning him or killing
him. |