22.3 A Formal Grammar for a Subset of English

Formal language does not handle all issues in natural language e.g., ambiguity, and changes in a language over time and location. But formal language is a good place to start.

Let's examine language E0, which is a subset of English.

  - lexicon (words)
    - open classes: nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs
    - closed classes: pronoun, article, preposition, conjunctions
  - grammar