Chapter 4 MEANING 169

4.1 Formal Semantics 170

4.1.1 Formal Semantics and Constraints 171

4.1.2 Constraints in Schema Definitions 173

4.2 Ontologies 174

· R. Davis, .H. Shrobe, and P. Szolovits, What is a Knowledge Representation? AI Magazine, 14(1):17-33, 1993

· W. Pidcock, What are the differences between a vocabulary, a taxonomy, a thesaurus, an ontology, and a metamodel?

· D. McGuinness, Ontologies Come of Age

· Formal Ontology and Information Systems PDF

Tools for Ontology construction - writing your own and/or using an editor (like early days of HTML). Notation3 - an easy way to write down relationships; "RDF for sketching"; tutorial on N3. Protégé, a GUI for model construction; tutorial on Protege. Using existing schemas, models, ontologies; building on others' work and seeing how it contributes to interoperability. Examples, lots of examples.

Reading Assignments:

• N. Noy and D. McGuinness, Ontology Development 101: A guide to Creating Your First Ontology, Stanford University
• M. Denny, Ontology Building: A survey of Editing Tools
• Standford KSL Network Services, A Guided Tour to Developing Ontologies Using Chimaera
• Online Ontology Tutorials
• Ontological Engineering, University of Madrid - by Asuncion Gomez-Perez
• Laboratory for Applied Ontology; Ontology Tutorial
• DAML, Semantic Web Tutorial w/ Ontology info
• Ontology Tutorials by Adam Pease
  ontolog.cim3.net/cgi-bin/wiki.pl?Tutorial_2003-05-29
  ontolog.cim3.net/file/tutorial/ontolog-ontologyTutorial--AdamPease_20030529.ppt

Owl

http://www.w3.org/2004/OWL/

4.2.1 Ontological Depth 174

4.2.2 Operational Ontologies: DAML and OIL 180

http://www.daml.org/

http://www.ontoknowledge.org/oil/

http://www.semanticweb.org/knowmarkup.html

4.2.3 Best Practices 183

4.3 Philosophical Excursus 184

4.4 Context 185

4.4.1 Ontologies and Contexts 186

http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/context3/context3.html

FORMALIZING CONTEXT (Expanded Notes) PDF

4.4.2 Binding to Contexts: Schema Adjunct 189

http://xml.coverpages.org/SchemaAdjunctFramework200011.html

Semantic Web

http://infomesh.net/2001/swintro/

THE Semantic WEB: A new form of Web content that is meaningful to computers will unleash a revolution of new possibilities PDF

Science and the Semantic web PDF