CS396N - Web Programming
Spring 2002
Chapter 13 - AWT Components

Components

Class   Description
Button A labeled button
TextField A single editable line
Label A component for placing text
TextArea A multiline area for displayingtext
Checkbox A graphical component thathas true/false state
CheckboxGroup A graphics componentwhich works like radio buttons
Choice  A class used to present a pop-upmenu of choices
List Used to design a scrolling listof text items
Canvas A component used for paintinggraphics
Scroll pane Containers with scrollbars
Scroll bars Scroll bars to input values

Component methods

Method name Arguments Description
setBounds(x,y,w,h) x,y,w,h - integers  Component will be placed at (x,y)(pixels). Component's width will be w, height h (pixels).
setLocation(x,y) x,y - integers  Component will be placed at (x,y) (pixels).
setSize(w,h) w,h - integers  Component's width will be w, height h (pixels).
setVisible(b) b - true or false  Component is visible if b is true; invisible otherwise.
isVisible() None Returns true if the component is visible.
To use setBounds(), setLocation() and setSize(), you must declare setLayout(null).
 

Changing fonts and colors of components

Color.black  Color.blue Color.cyan
Color.darkGray  Color.gray  Color.green
Color.lightGray Color.magenta  Color.orange
Color.pink  Color.red Color.white
Color.yellow  

Example - ColoredButtons


import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;

public class ColoredButtons extends Applet{

public void init(){
Button b1 = new Button("one");
b1.setFont(new Font("Helvetica",Font.BOLD,12));
b1.setBackground(Color.magenta);
b1.setForeground(Color.yellow);
Button b2 = new Button("two");
b2.setFont(new Font("TimesRoman",Font.ITALIC,12));
b2.setBackground(Color.blue);
Button b3 = new Button("three");
b3.setFont(new Font("Dialog",Font.BOLD+Font.ITALIC,12));
b3.setBackground(Color.green);
Button b4 = new Button("four");
b4.setFont(new Font("Courier",1,12));
b4.setBackground(Color.pink);
Panel p1 = new Panel();
p1.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,2,15,15));
p1.setBackground(Color.red);
p1.add(b1);
p1.add(b2);
p1.add(b3);
p1.add(b4);
add(p1);
}
}
 

The Canvas Component

Example - Creates a canvas and places it a particular location on screen


import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class CanvasExample1 extends Applet implements ActionListener{

    Button button = new Button("click");
    Canvas myCanvas = new Canvas();
    TextField t1 = new TextField(20);

    public void init(){

setLayout(null);
myCanvas.setSize(100,100);
myCanvas.setBackground(Color.magenta);
myCanvas.setLocation(100,200);
t1.setSize(100,50);
t1.setBackground(Color.green);
t1.setLocation(100,5);
button.setSize(50,50);
button.setBackground(Color.red);
button.setLocation(5,110);
add(t1);
add(myCanvas);
add(button);
button.addActionListener(this);
    }

    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event){

    Graphics g = myCanvas.getGraphics();
    g.drawString("NEW YORK",10,10);
    Graphics g1 = getGraphics();
    t1.setText("You clicked...");
    }
}

Example - Component (canvas) is hidden and then displayed


import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class CanvasExample2 extends Applet implements ActionListener{

Button button = new Button("click");
Canvas myCanvas = new Canvas();
TextField t1 = new TextField(20);

public void init(){

setLayout(null);
myCanvas.setSize(100,100);
myCanvas.setBackground(Color.magenta);
myCanvas.setLocation(100,200);
t1.setSize(100,50);
t1.setBackground(Color.green);
t1.setLocation(100,5);
button.setSize(50,50);
button.setBackground(Color.red);
button.setLocation(5,110);
add(t1);
add(myCanvas);
myCanvas.setVisible(false);

add(button);
button.addActionListener(this);

}

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event){

if (myCanvas.isShowing())
    myCanvas.setVisible(false);
else
    myCanvas.setVisible(true);

t1.setText("You clicked...");

}
}

Example


//The following example extends the Canvas class and writes to it.

import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;

public class CanvasExample3 extends Applet{

    public void init(){

myCanvas can1 = new myCanvas();
can1.setSize(200,100);
can1.setBackground(Color.blue);
add(can1);
repaint();
}
}

class myCanvas extends Canvas{

    public void paint(Graphics g){
        g.setColor(Color.cyan);
        g.drawString("New York... Westchester",10,10);
    }
}
 

The Panel Class

The Container Class

The Applet Class

The Scrollpane Class

Field  Type
SCROLLBARS_ALWAYS static final int
SCROLLBARS_AS_NEEDED static final int
SCROLLBARS_NEVER static final int

Constructors:
Constructor Arguments Description
ScrollPane() None  Creates scroll pane with scroll bars as needed.
ScrollPane(x) x - int one of the three fields Creates a scroll panewith the specified scroll bar display policy
.
Methods:
Method  Arguments  Description
getViewportSize()  None  Returns dimensions (Dimension) of the viewport.

Example - Displays a text field in a ScrollPane


import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class ScrollPane1 extends Applet{

    ScrollPane scrBar1;
    TextField text1;
    TextField text2;

    public void init(){

    scrBar1 = new ScrollPane();
    text1 = new TextField("New York, . . . . . . . . . . Westchester");
    text2 = new TextField("Pace University, . . . . . . . . . ,NY");
    scrBar1.add(text1);
    add(text2);
    add(scrBar1);
}
    public void paint(Graphics g){
        Dimension d = scrBar1.getViewportSize();
        g.drawString("height is = "+ d.height+" width is = "+d.width,200,200);
    }
}

The Checkbox Class

Constructor  Arguments  Description
Checkbox()  None  Creates a checkbox with no labels
Checkbox(str)  str - String  Creates a checkbox with label str
Method Description
getLabel() Returns the label (String) (null, if no label)
getState()  Returns true if the check box is checked; otherwise returns false

Example - Displays check boxes for programming languages and asks the user to select all languages he/she knows


import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class CheckBoxes extends Applet implements ActionListener{
    int total;
    TextField result = new TextField(40);
    Button button = new Button("Submit");
    Checkbox Pascal = new Checkbox("Pascal");
    Checkbox FORTRAN = new Checkbox("FORTRAN");
    Checkbox C = new Checkbox("C");
    Checkbox CPLUS = new Checkbox("CPLUS");
    Checkbox LISP = new Checkbox("LISP");
    Checkbox ADA = new Checkbox("ADA");
    Checkbox Java = new Checkbox("Java");
    Checkbox cobol = new Checkbox("COBOL");
    Panel panel = new Panel();

    public void init(){
        button.addActionListener(this);
        add( new Label("Click all computer programming languages you know:",Label.CENTER));
        panel.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,4,15,15));
        panel.add(Pascal);
        panel.add(FORTRAN);
        panel.add(C); panel.add(CPLUS);
        panel.add(LISP); panel.add(ADA);
        panel.add(Java); panel.add(cobol);
        add(panel); add(button); add(result);
    }

    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event){
        total = 0;
        if(Pascal.getState()) total++;
        if(FORTRAN.getState()) total++;
        if(C.getState()) total++;
        if(CPLUS.getState()) total++;
        if(LISP.getState()) total++;
        if(ADA.getState()) total++;
        if(Java.getState()) total++;
        if(cobol.getState()) total++;
        result.setText("You know "+total+" computer programming languages");
    }
}
 

Check Box Group

Example - Check boxes for programming languages. User asked to check his/her strongest language


Choice Menus

Method  Argument  Description
addItem(item) item - String  adds item to menu
getItemCount()  None returns the numberof items (int) in the menu
getItem(index) index - int returns theitem at index in the menu
getSelectedIndex()  None returns theindex (int) of the selected item
getSelectedItem()  None returns the selected item (String).

Example - Choice Menu



import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class ChoiceMenu extends Applet implements ActionListener {
       Button button = new Button("Submit");
       TextField result = new TextField(50);
       Choice languageMenu = new Choice();
       String str= " ";

public void init(){
      button.addActionListener(this);
      add( new Label("Select your strongest programming
      language:",Label.CENTER));
      languageMenu.addItem("Pascal");
      languageMenu.addItem("FORTRAN");
      languageMenu.addItem("C");
      languageMenu.addItem("CPLUS");
      languageMenu.addItem("LISP");
      languageMenu.addItem("ADA");
      languageMenu.addItem("Java");
      languageMenu.addItem("COBOL");
      languageMenu.addItem("Perl");
      languageMenu.addItem("PL1");
      languageMenu.addItem("RPG");
      languageMenu.addItem("BASIC");
      languageMenu.addItem("JavaScript");
      languageMenu.addItem("VBScript");
      languageMenu.addItem("ActiveX");
      add(languageMenu);
      add(button);
      add(result);
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event){
      str = "number of items ="+languageMenu.getItemCount();
      str = str + "   item selected =
      "+languageMenu.getSelectedItem();
      str = str + "   index of item = " +
      languageMenu.getSelectedIndex();
      result.setText(str);
}

}
 

List Boxes

Method  Argument  Description
add(item)  item - String Adds item tothe list
getItemCount()  None Returns the number(int) of items in the list
getItem(index)  index - int  Returnsthe item (String) at position index
getSelectedIndex() None Returns theindex (int) of selected item.
getSelectedItem() None Returns selecteditem (String).
getSelectedIndexes()  None Returns anarray (int) of the index values of selected items.
GetSelectedItems()  None Returns an array(String) of selected items.

Example -  Menu List


import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class menuList1 extends Applet implements ActionListener {

Button button = new Button("Submit");
TextArea result = new TextArea(15,40);
List languageList = new List(5,true);

public void init(){

button.addActionListener(this);
add( new Label("Select all programming languages you know:",Label.CENTER));
languageList.addItem("Pascal");languageList.addItem("FORTRAN");
languageList.addItem("C"); languageList.addItem("CPLUS");
languageList.addItem("LISP"); languageList.addItem("ADA");
languageList.addItem("Java"); languageList.addItem("COBOL");
languageList.addItem("Perl"); languageList.addItem("PL1");
languageList.addItem("RPG"); languageList.addItem("BASIC");
languageList.addItem("JavaScript");
languageList.addItem("VBScript");
languageList.addItem("ActiveX");
add(languageList); add(button); add(result);
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event){
int count = languageList.getItemCount();
String out = "Number of items on the list is = "+count+"\nYOU HAVE SELECTED ...\n";
String str[] = languageList.getSelectedItems();
int i = 0;
while(i < str.length ){
    out=out +"\n"+ str[i];
    i++;
}
    result.setText(out);
}
}
 

The TextArea Class

Field name  Meaning
SCROLLBARS_BOTH  Both horizontal and vertical scroll bars present.
SCROLLBARS_VERTICAL_ONLY Only vertical scroll bar present.
SCROLLBARS_HORIZONTAL_ONLY  Only horizontal scroll bar present.
SCROLLBARS_NONE  No scroll bars present.
Constructor  Arguments Meaning
TextArea() None Constructs a new text area.
TextArea(r,c)  r and c - int  Constructs a new text area with r rowsand c columns.
TextArea(str)  str - String  Constructs a new text area with text str.
TextArea(str,r)  str - String
r and c - int 
Constructs a new text area with r rows, c columns, and text str.
TextArea(str, r,c,b) str – String,
r,c,b - int 
Constructs a new text areawith text str r rows, c columns, and b is one of the static fields.
Method Arguments Description
getText() None  Returns the string (String) from the text area.
setText(str)  str - String  Sets the str in the field.
replaceRange( str ,n ,m) str – String
n,m - int 
Replaces string from position n through m by str.
insert(str, n)  str – String 
n - int
Inserts str at position n.
append(str)  str - String Appends str to the text in the text area.

Example


import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class TextArea1 extends Applet implements ActionListener{

    String s1 = "\nThank you for giving your input";
    String s2 = "Pace University,New York and Westchester";
    TextArea ta = new TextArea(s2,20,35);
    Button button = new Button("THANK YOU");

    public void init(){

        ta.setBackground(Color.green);
        button.setBackground(Color.red);
        add(ta);
        add(button);
        button.addActionListener(this);
    }

    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event){
        ta.append(s1);
    }
}
 

The Label Class

Field name Number  Meaning
CENTER  1 Indicates that the labelshould be centered
LEFT  0 Indicates that the label shouldbe left justified
RIGHT 2 Indicates that the label shouldbe right justified
Constructor  Arguments  Description
Label()  None Constructs an empty label
Label(str str – String  Constructs a label with str
Label(str, n str - String, 
n - int 0, 1, or 2 
or Label.LEFT, 
Label.CENTER ,or Label.RIGHT
Construct a label with str, with specified alignment.
Method Argument  Meaning
setText(str)  str – String  Sets the label with specified string
getText()  None  Returns the label string (String)
getAlignment()  None  Returns (int) the alignment (0, 1, or 2)
setAlignment(n)  n – int  Sets the label with the specified alignment

Example - Puts out three labels  in three alignments


import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;

public class Labels1 extends Applet{

    public void init(){

        Label label1,label2, label3;
        label1 = new Label("left label",0);
        label2 = new Label("center label",1);
        label3 = new Label("right label",2);
        label1.setBackground(Color.green);
        label2.setBackground(Color.blue);
        label3.setBackground(Color.magenta);

        add(label1);
        add(label2);
        add(label3);
        add(new Label("Another label"));
    }
}
 

Example - Displays two buttons and one label. When the user presses a button, the label changes



import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class Labels2 extends Applet implements ActionListener{

    Label label = new Label("Pace university");
    Button button1 = new Button("New York");
    Button button2 = new Button("Westchester");

    public void init(){

        button1.setBackground(Color.cyan);
        button2.setBackground(Color.yellow);

        add(label);
        add(button1);
        add(button2);
        button1.addActionListener(this);
        button2.addActionListener(this);
    }

    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event){

    if(event.getSource() == button1) label.setText("New York");
    if(event.getSource() == button2) label.setText("Westchester");
    }
}
 

Scrollbars and Sliders

Method name Arguments  Description
getMaximum() ---  Returns (int) the maximum value of the scroll bar.
getMinimum() ---  Returns (int) the minimum value of the scroll bar.
getOrientation() --- Returns (int) the orientation of the scroll bar (0-horizontal, 1 – vertical).
getValue() ---  Returns (int) the current value of the scroll bar.

Events generated by scroll bar:

Method name  Description
getAdjustable() Returns the scroll bar object
getValue() Returns the current value of the scroll bar

Example - Scrollbars select RGB components of color


import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class Scrollbar1 extends Applet implements AdjustmentListener{

TextField box;
String string;
Scrollbar sbr,sbg,sbb;
Canvas canvas;
int r=0,g=0,b=0;

public void init(){

box = new TextField();
sbr = new Scrollbar(Scrollbar.HORIZONTAL,0,1,0,255);
sbg = new Scrollbar(Scrollbar.HORIZONTAL,0,1,0,255);
sbb = new Scrollbar(Scrollbar.HORIZONTAL,0,1,0,255);
canvas = new Canvas();
sbr.addAdjustmentListener(this);
sbg.addAdjustmentListener(this);
sbb.addAdjustmentListener(this);
setLayout(null);
add(canvas);
add(sbr);
add(sbg);
add(sbb);
add(box);
sbr.setBounds(40,250,200,15);
sbg.setBounds(40,270,200,15);
sbb.setBounds(40,290,200,15);
canvas.setBounds(40,10,200,200);
box.setBounds(40,230,200,25);
 }
public void adjustmentValueChanged(AdjustmentEvent evt){
if(evt.getAdjustable() == sbr) r = sbr.getValue();
if(evt.getAdjustable() == sbg) g = sbg.getValue();
if(evt.getAdjustable() == sbb) b = sbb.getValue();
Color color = new Color(r,g,b);
canvas.setBackground(color);
string = "R = "+r+" G = "+g+" B = "+b;
box.setText(string);
}
}