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XML (like Java)
uses Unicode to encode characters.
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Unicode comes in
many flavors. The most common one
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used in the West
is UTF-8.
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UTF-8 is a
variable length code. Characters are
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encoded in 1
byte, 2 bytes, or 4 bytes.
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The first 128
characters in Unicode are ASCII.
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In UTF-8, the
numbers between 128 and 255 code for
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some of the more
common characters used in western
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Europe, such as ã,
á, å, or ç.
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Two byte codes
are used for some characters not listed
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in the first 256
and some Asian ideographs.
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Four byte codes
can handle any ideographs that are left.
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Those using
non-western languages should investigate
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other versions of
Unicode.
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